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Chromium
Chromium

Praseodymium
Praseodymium



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Praseodymium

Chromium vs Praseodymium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cr
Pr
1.2 Group Number
6NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.8 Block
d block
f block
1.9 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.10 CAS Number
74404737440100
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.14 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Not Available
3.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
In 1885
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,857.00 °C935.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
7.3 Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C3,130.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.6.2 Color
Silver
Grayish White
7.6.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
8.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa481.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa400.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.11.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Cr
Pr
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
2131
Tennessine
0 38
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.661.13
Francium
0.7 2.54
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.561.07
Cesium
0.86 1.82
9.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
1.65NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.342.87
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.6 Ionization Energies
9.6.1 1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.7.2 2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.8.2 3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.8.3 4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol3,761.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
9.8.5 5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol5,551.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
9.8.7 6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
9.8.9 7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.8.10 8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.8.12 9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.8.13 10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
9.8.15 11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.8.17 12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
9.8.20 13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
9.8.22 14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
9.8.24 15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
9.8.25 16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
9.8.27 17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.8.29 18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.8.31 19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
9.8.32 20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.8.34 21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.8.36 22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.8.38 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.8.39 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.8.41 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.8.43 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.8.45 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.8.46 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.8.48 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.8.50 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
4.50 eV2.70 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
2459
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
2459
Lithium
3 117
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
2882
Lithium
4 184
10.5.1 Number of Electrons
2459
Lithium
3 117
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm182.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
11.1.1 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm203.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
11.4.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm239.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
11.5 Atomic Weight
52.00 amu140.91 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
11.6 Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
291.00 pm367.25 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.61
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm36.50 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
12.4 Tensile Strength
689.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
12.7 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
12.9 Vapor Pressure
12.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
12.11.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)13.20 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa14.80 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
13.2.3 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa28.80 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
13.3.1 Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa37.30 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
13.5 Poisson Ratio
0.210.28
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
13.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.196.77
Lithium
0.53 4500
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
14.2.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
14.3.2 Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
14.3.6 Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
16.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
16.6 Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
16.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
17.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
17.4 Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1