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Chromium vs Seaborgium

Chromium
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Chromium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr  
Sg  
Group Number
6  
12
6  
12
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440473  
39
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
7
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %  
7
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
13
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C  
14
-  
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50  
1
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa  
18
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa  
17
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s  
8
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.97  
2
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cr  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66  
19
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66  
17
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56  
11
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66  
19
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34  
36
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
24  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
24  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)  
4
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa  
7
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
26
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)  
1
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa  
9
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa  
8
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
10
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K  
17
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K  
24
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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