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Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co
Group Number
9 9
Period Number
4 4
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440484 38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00 7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 % 9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 % 10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3 18
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m. 32
Physical
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C 29
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C 35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00 8
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa 31
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa 18
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s 18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.50 5
Reflectivity
67.00 % 16
Allotropes
Yes
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26 13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88 13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56 1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70 6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88 14
Allen Electronegativity
1.84 13
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12 42
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 19
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol 32
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol 22
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol 29
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol 18
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol 18
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol 11
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol 12
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol 13
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol 7
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol 8
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol 30
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol 8
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol 9
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol 80
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol 62
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol 13
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol 1
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol 2
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol 4
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol 4
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol 3
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol 3
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 17
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 17
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 17
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 16
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 22
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 23
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol 17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr 61
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV 9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic
Atomic Number
22 84
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22 83
Number of Neutrons
26 63
Number of Electrons
22 83
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm 36
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm 32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm 35
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu 78
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol 64
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
7
Next Element
22
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV) 10
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm 68
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26 59
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3 75
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3 78
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa 10
Viscosity
0.00 25
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa) 14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa 17
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa 15
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa 20
Poisson Ratio
0.32 12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00 1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 17
Susceptibility
0.00 3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m 12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω 47
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol 43
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K) 9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K 53
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K 44
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K 32
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K) 59
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol 20
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol 19
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol 20
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K 73
Summary >>
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