1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.5 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
2.8 CAS Number
74404847440122
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
3.2 Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.6 Abundance In Oceans
5.1.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
6.2.2 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
6.2.3 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
6.2.4 Other Uses
6.3 Biological Properties
6.3.1 Toxicity
6.3.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.3 In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.3.4 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,495.00 °C1,042.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C3,000.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
8.3.2 Vickers Hardness
8.4 Speed of Sound
8.5 Optical Properties
8.5.1 Refractive Index
8.5.3 Reflectivity
8.6 Allotropes
8.6.1 α Allotropes
8.6.2 β Allotropes
8.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.5.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.5.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.5.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.7.5 3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.7 4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.9 5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.7.11 6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.7.13 7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.7.15 8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.7.16 9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.7.18 10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.7.20 11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.7.22 12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.7.24 13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
9.7.26 14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
9.7.28 15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
9.7.30 16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
9.7.32 17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
9.7.34 18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
9.7.36 19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
9.7.38 20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
9.7.40 21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
9.7.42 22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
9.7.44 23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
9.7.46 24th Energy Level
9.7.48 25th Energy Level
9.7.49 26th Energy Level
9.7.51 27th Energy Level
9.7.53 28th Energy Level
9.8.1 29th Energy Level
9.9.1 30th Energy Level
9.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.2 Electron Work Function
10.6 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.4.2 Number of Neutrons
11.4.4 Number of Electrons
11.6 Radius of an Atom
11.6.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm183.00 pm
112
265
11.6.3 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm199.00 pm
96
260
11.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm236.00 pm
139
348
11.8 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu145.00 amu
6.94
294
11.10 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.13.1 Previous Element
11.13.2 Next Element
11.14 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.16 Lattice Constant
295.08 pmNA
228.58
891.25
11.19 Lattice Angles
11.20 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.3 Tensile Strength
13.5 Viscosity
13.6 Vapor Pressure
13.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.9.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.9.4 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa46.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.11 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
14.2.1 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.1.5 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
17.2 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.4 Enthalpy
17.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.8 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1