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Copernicium vs Palladium

Copernicium
Palladium
Palladium vs Copernicium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cn  
Pd  
Group Number
12  
6
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54084263  
7
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
187.00  
8
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1996  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
3,570.00 MPa  
2
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,570.00 m/s  
30
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
45.00 %  
32
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cn  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
1  
34
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.90  
1
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
112  
6
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
112  
6
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
285  
1
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
112  
6
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
285.00 amu  
5
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Roentgenium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Nihonium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.70 g/cm3  
7
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.70 g/cm3  
8
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
35.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.70  
9
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
-  
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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