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Palladium vs Copernicium

Palladium
Copernicium
Copernicium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Cn  
Group Number
10  
8
12  
6
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
54084263  
7
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
187.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1996  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
-  
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
3,570.00 MPa  
2
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
3,570.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
45.00 %  
32
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Cn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
112  
6
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
112  
6
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
285  
1
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
112  
6
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
285.00 amu  
5
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Roentgenium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Nihonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
23.70 g/cm3  
7
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
23.70 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
35.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
23.70  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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