Palladium vs Bohrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd
Bh
Group Number
10
8
7
11
Period Number
5
7
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440053
99+
54037148
12
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
225.00
2
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
Sources
Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Discovery
In 1803
In 1981
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
22
Not Available
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C
33
Not Available
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Unknown
Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.75
9
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa
33
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa
36
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s
26
Not Available
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.72
1
Not Available
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd
Bh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
38
1
5
32
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35
21
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
742.90 kJ/mol
23
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
1,688.50 kJ/mol
30
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
2,566.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,598.90 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,727.80 kJ/mol
37
6th Energy Level
Not Available
5,991.70 kJ/mol
24
7th Energy level
Not Available
7,226.80 kJ/mol
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Not Available
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV
3
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46
99+
107
11
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
46
99+
107
11
Number of Neutrons
60
99+
155
8
Number of Electrons
46
99+
107
11
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
Not Available
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu
99+
270.00 amu
8
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Not Available
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm
25
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3
29
37.10 g/cm3
3
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
17
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
Not Available
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa
16
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.39
5
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.02
21
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Not Available
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K
23
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K
40
Not Available
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