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Bohrium vs Palladium

Bohrium
Palladium
Palladium vs Bohrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bh  
Pd  
Group Number
7  
11
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54037148  
12
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
276.00  
1
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1981  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
270.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
2,700.00 MPa  
4
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.50  
36
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bh  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
5  
32
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
2.00  
6
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
31
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
34
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
82,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
17
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
82,000.00 kJ/mol  
14
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
71,100.00 kJ/mol  
20
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
31
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
820.80 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
21
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
11
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
16
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
8,200.00 kJ/mol  
8
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
12
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
9
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
15
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
14
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
820.00 kJ/mol  
10
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
107  
11
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
107  
11
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
155  
9
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
107  
11
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
270.00 amu  
8
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Seaborgium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Hassium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
27.20 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
37.10 g/cm3  
3
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
37.10 g/cm3  
3
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
152.00 MPa  
24
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.00 GPa  
32
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
37.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
37.00  
5
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.50 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
-  
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
37.10 J/mol·K  
2
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
37.00 W/m·K  
36
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
14.30 µm/(m·K)  
28
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
270.50 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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