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Erbium
Erbium

Cesium
Cesium



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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Er
Cs
1.2 Group Number
NA1
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74405207440462
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1842
In 1860
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %8 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000008 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.05 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,522.00 °C28.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C678.40 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA0.20
Tin
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa0.14 MPa
Palladium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Er
Cs
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3136
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.240.79
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.22
Sodium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.110.86
Potassium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.62
Sodium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA0.66
Francium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.763.21
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA2.14 eV
Potassium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6855
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
[Xe] 6s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6855
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9978
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6855
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm265.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
189.00 pm244.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA343.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
167.26 amu132.91 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
355.88 pm614.10 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
28.30 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa1.60 GPa
Tin
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa1.70 GPa
Palladium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.24NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.071.87
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA1,938.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1