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Fermium Lanthanum Comparison

Fermium
Lanthanum
Lanthanum Fermium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
La  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7439910  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1838  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
32
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.08 p.p.m.  
29
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
920.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
3,469.00 °C  
19
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
360.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,475.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
La  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.10  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.10  
38
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.90  
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,067.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,850.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,819.00 kJ/mol  
32
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,940.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
53,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,380.00 kJ/mol  
25
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
538.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
538.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.73 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
57  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
57  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
57  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
187.00 pm  
10
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
207.00 pm  
6
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
240.00 pm  
17
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
138.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
20.73 cm3/mol  
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Barium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Cerium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
40.71 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
377.20 pm  
31
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.62  
16
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
6.16 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
5.94 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
45.00 MPa  
40
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
14.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
27.90 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
36.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
6.17  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
615.00 nΩ·m  
7
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48.00 kJ/mol  
28
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.11 J/mol·K  
27
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
13.40 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,193.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
399.60 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
6.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
431.00 kJ/mol  
21
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
56.90 J/mol.K  
31
Summary >>
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