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Fermium vs Bismuth

Fermium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Bi  
Group Number
3  
15
15  
3
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
-  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
126  
19
Number of Electrons
100  
18
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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