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Fermium vs Polonium

Fermium
Polonium
Polonium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Po  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
125  
20
Number of Electrons
100  
18
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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