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Fermium vs Praseodymium

Fermium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Pr  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
100  
18
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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