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Praseodymium vs Protactinium

Praseodymium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Pa  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440133  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Crookes  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1900  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,568.00 °C  
21
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
4,027.00 °C  
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
125.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
220.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
12,400.00 m/s  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Pa  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.14  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.50  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
5.89 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
91  
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
91  
27
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
122  
22
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
91  
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
163.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
200.00 pm  
11
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
243.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
231.04 amu  
24
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
92.00 (-eV)  
11
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
392.50 pm  
26
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
21
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
26
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
47.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
15.37  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
21
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
47.00 W/m·K  
32
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,841.00 K  
25
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
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