Home
 Compare Metals

Praseodymium vs Promethium

Praseodymium
Promethium
Promethium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Pm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440122  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1942  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,042.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
3,000.00 °C  
32
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.70  
27
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Pm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr  
40
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
5.30 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
61  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Xe] 4f5 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
61  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
84  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
61  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
199.00 pm  
12
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
236.00 pm  
20
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
145.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
22.39 cm3/mol  
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
44.10 (-eV)  
40
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
7.26 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
75.00 MPa  
30
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
31
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
33.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.26  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
25
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
0.75 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.18 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.60 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
17.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,315.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
289.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
7.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Series

Lanthanide Series

» More Lanthanide Series

Compare Lanthanide Series

» More Compare Lanthanide Series
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!