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Fermium vs Samarium

Fermium
Samarium
Samarium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Sm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
441.00 MPa  
32
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
412.00 MPa  
40
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.17  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.17  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.17  
40
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.17  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
88  
40
Number of Electrons
100  
18
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
229.00 pm  
25
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
44.80 (-eV)  
38
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
362.10 pm  
37
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
19.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
37.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
49.70 GPa  
40
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,345.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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