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Flerovium vs Cerium

Flerovium
Cerium
Cerium vs Flerovium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fl  
Ce  
Group Number
14  
4
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
54085164  
5
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
198.00  
6
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
-  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In 1999  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical
Melting Point
67.00 °C  
99+
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
147.00 °C  
99+
3,257.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
450.00 MPa  
38
210.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s  
35
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.20  
9
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fl  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
1  
34
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.60  
1
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.12  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.12  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
22nd Energy Level
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
24th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.84 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
114  
4
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
114  
4
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
184  
2
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
114  
4
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
181.80 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
171.00 pm  
26
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
235.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
289.00 amu  
3
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nihonium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Moscovium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
362.00 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.59  
31
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.00 g/cm3  
24
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.00 g/cm3  
24
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
270.00 MPa  
17
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
35.00 GPa  
21
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
-  
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
340.00 K  
99+
1,071.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
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