Francium

Thulium

Francium vs Thulium

Francium

Thulium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

74407357440304

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

NA194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

223 Francium has the longest half life at 21.8.
Francium metal is produced by alpha decay in ²²⁷Actinium 227.

Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.

2.2 Sources

Formed by Decay Process, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Marguerite Perey

Per Teodor Cleve

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1939

In 1879

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA1 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.00000002 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Francium has no known uses as it has a half life of only 22 minutes.

Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

27.00 °C1,545.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

677.00 °C1,730.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA471.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA520.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NANA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3332

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.701.25

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.861.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.68NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

0.67NA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.302.75

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

380.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

NA1,160.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

NA2,285.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA4,120.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

8.32 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

8769

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 7s¹

[Xe] 4f¹³ 6s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

8769

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

136100

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

8769

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA176.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

260.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

348.00 pmNA

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

223.00 amu168.93 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA18.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

8.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA353.75 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.57

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.87 g/cm³9.32 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA8.56 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.06 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA30.50 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA44.50 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA74.00 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

NA0.21

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA9.32

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

3.00 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.03 10⁶/cm Ω0.02 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.16 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA27.03 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

15.00 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA13.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA191.00 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA16.80 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

71.00 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA74.00 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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