Gallium Curium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Cm
Group Number
13
5
Not Available
Period Number
4
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440519
36
Space Group Name
Cmca
Not Available
Space Group Number
64.00
9
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
- Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso
Discovery
In 1875
In 1944
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
1,340.00 °C
34
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
3,110.00 °C
30
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Cm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,196.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,026.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
3,550.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
96
22
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
96
22
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
151
10
Number of Electrons
31
99+
96
22
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
174.00 pm
20
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
169.00 pm
26
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
247.00 amu
18
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
18.28 cm3/mol
26
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
44.50 (-eV)
38
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
13.51 g/cm3
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
13.85 g/cm3
10
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
13.51
17
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
1.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Not Available
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
15.00 kJ/mol
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
Not Available
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