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Gallium
Gallium

Nobelium
Nobelium



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Gallium vs Nobelium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
13NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
47
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
744055310028145
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Cmca
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
64.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1875
In 1966
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.1.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.4.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.3.1 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
29.78 °C827.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.3 Boiling Point
2,403.00 °CNA
Flerovium
147 5660
7.3 Appearance
7.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
7.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
7.4 Hardness
7.4.1 Mohs Hardness
1.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.5.2 Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.5.4 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
7.6 Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
7.7 Optical Properties
7.7.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.7.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.8 Allotropes
7.9.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.9.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.9.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
2413
Tennessine
0 38
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.811.30
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.4.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.821.20
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.4.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.4.10 Allen Electronegativity
1.76NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
8.5 Electropositivity
8.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.192.70
Gold
1.46 3.3
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol642.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
8.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol1,254.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
8.6.5 3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol2,643.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
8.6.7 4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol3,956.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
8.6.9 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
8.6.11 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
8.6.13 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
8.6.15 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
8.6.18 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
8.6.20 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
8.6.22 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
8.6.24 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
8.6.27 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
8.6.30 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
8.6.32 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
8.6.34 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
8.6.37 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
8.6.39 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
8.6.41 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
8.7.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
8.8.1 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
8.8.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.1.1 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.1.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.4.2 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.4.3 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.4.5 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.4.6 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.4.8 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.4.9 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr4.83 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
4.20 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.9 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
31102
Lithium
3 117
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Not Known
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
31102
Lithium
3 117
10.7.1 Number of Neutrons
39157
Lithium
4 184
10.8.1 Number of Electrons
31102
Lithium
3 117
10.11 Radius of an Atom
10.11.1 Atomic Radius
135.00 pmNA
Beryllium
112 265
11.1.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
11.1.4 Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm246.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
11.3 Atomic Weight
69.72 amu259.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
11.5 Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
11.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.7.1 Previous Element
11.7.2 Next Element
11.8 Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)26.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
11.10 Lattice Constant
451.97 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
11.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
11.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.534 40.7
12.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
13.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
13.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
13.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
13.6 Elasticity properties
13.6.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
13.6.3 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.6 462
13.6.5 Young's Modulus
9.80 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
14.2 Poisson Ratio
0.47NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
14.4 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.91NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
15.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
15.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
15.3.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
15.4 Electrical Properties
15.4.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
15.5.1 Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
15.6.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
15.6.4 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
16.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
16.6 Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
16.7 Enthalpy
16.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
16.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
16.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
16.8 Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1