1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.10 CAS Number
74405537440155
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Masataka Ogawa
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %2 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
29.78 °C3,180.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C5,627.00 °C
147
5660
7.6 Appearance
7.6.1 Physical State
7.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
7.6.3 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.3 Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa1,320.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.5 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.11.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol760.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol1,260.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.3 3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol2,510.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.5 4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol3,640.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.7 5th Energy Level
9.8.9 6th Energy Level
9.8.11 7th Energy level
9.8.13 8th Energy Level
9.8.15 9th Energy Level
9.8.17 10th Energy Level
9.8.19 11th Energy Level
9.8.21 12th Energy Level
9.8.23 13th Energy Level
9.8.25 14th Energy Level
9.8.27 15th Energy Level
9.8.29 16th Energy Level
9.8.30 17th Energy Level
9.8.32 18th Energy Level
9.8.34 19th Energy Level
9.8.36 20th Energy Level
9.8.38 21st Energy Level
9.8.39 22nd Energy Level
9.8.41 23rd Energy Level
9.8.43 24th Energy Level
9.8.45 25th Energy Level
9.8.47 26th Energy Level
9.8.49 27th Energy Level
9.8.51 28th Energy Level
9.8.53 29th Energy Level
9.8.55 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr0.99 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
11.1.1 Number of Neutrons
11.4.2 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
135.00 pm137.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm151.00 pm
96
260
11.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
11.7 Atomic Weight
69.72 amu186.21 amu
6.94
294
11.8 Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol8.85 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.10.1 Previous Element
11.10.2 Next Element
11.11 Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)180.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.13 Lattice Constant
451.97 pm276.10 pm
228.58
891.25
11.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm321.02 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm318.90 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.6 Elasticity properties
13.6.1 Shear Modulus
13.8.2 Bulk Modulus
13.8.4 Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa463.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.11 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.5 Susceptibility
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m193.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.1.6 Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol14.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K25.48 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K48.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.4 Critical Temperature
17.2 Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)6.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.4 Enthalpy
17.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol707.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol33.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.7.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol791.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.9 Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K36.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1