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Hafnium Iridium Comparison

Hafnium
Iridium
Iridium Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Ir  
Group Number
4  
14
9  
9
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1922  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
110  
28
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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