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Hafnium Samarium Comparison


Samarium Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Hf   
Sm   

Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440586   
30
7440199   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  

Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   

Discovery
In 1922   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
5 * 10-7 %   
19

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
37

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
31
0.00 %   
29

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
27
0.00 %   
40

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  

Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Slightly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22

Physical Properties

Melting Point
2,150.00 °C   
10
1,072.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C   
5
1,900.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Gray   
Silvery White   

Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa   
6
441.00 MPa   
27

Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa   
5
412.00 MPa   
24

Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s   
27
2,130.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Hf   
Sm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
32   
7
30   
9

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.17   
40

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.07   
32

Allen Electronegativity
1.16   
37
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.83   
14

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34

Electron Work Function
3.90 eV   
27
2.70 eV   
99+

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
72   
99+
62   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
72   
99+
62   
99+

Number of Neutrons
106   
29
88   
39

Number of Electrons
72   
99+
62   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
180.00 pm   
14

Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
198.00 pm   
13

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
229.00 pm   
20

Atomic Weight
178.49 amu   
39
150.36 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
19.95 cm3/mol   
19

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Promethium
  

Next Element
Tantalum
  
Europium
  

Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)   
16
44.80 (-eV)   
37

Lattice Constant
319.64 pm   
99+
362.10 pm   
33

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
12
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3   
26
7.52 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3   
12
7.16 g/cm3   
32

Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.94 (Pa)   
9

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
19.50 GPa   
34

Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa   
15
37.80 GPa   
35

Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa   
25
49.70 GPa   
37

Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.27   
19

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
13.31   
18
7.52   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31

Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
29.54 J/mol·K   
7

Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
13.30 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
8.62 kJ/mol   
40

Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
69.60 J/mol.K   
15

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