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Hafnium Silver Comparison

Hafnium
Silver
Silver Hafnium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf  
Ag  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440586  
30
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
-  
Discovery
In 1922  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
31
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C  
10
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C  
5
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa  
6
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa  
10
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s  
39
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
71.00 %  
12
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hf  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32  
7
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.16  
99+
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV  
36
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
72  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
72  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
106  
30
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
72  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu  
39
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lutetium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Tantalum
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)  
16
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3  
27
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3  
31
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa  
9
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
28
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa  
27
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.31  
30
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
13
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
2,500.00 K  
11
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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