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Indium Thulium Comparison


Thulium Indium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
In   
Tm   

Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
p block   
f block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440746   
17
7440304   
99+

Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Per Teodor Cleve   

Discovery
In 1863   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
1 * 10-8 %   
30

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.00000002 %   
28

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
1,545.00 °C   
23

Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
1,730.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
471.00 MPa   
25

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
520.00 MPa   
21

Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
In   
Tm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
1.25   
35

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.11   
29

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
2.75   
19

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26

Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
49   
99+
69   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
49   
99+
69   
99+

Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
100   
32

Number of Electrons
49   
99+
69   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
18.10 cm3/mol   
28

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Erbium
  

Next Element
Tin
  
Ytterbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
49.70 (-eV)   
28

Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
353.75 pm   
40

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
8.56 g/cm3   
24

Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
0.06 (Pa)   
10

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.50 GPa   
22

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
44.50 GPa   
26

Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
74.00 GPa   
27

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.21   
31

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
676.00 nΩ·m   
5

Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35

Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
27.03 J/mol·K   
22

Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
16.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
16.80 kJ/mol   
17

Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
74.00 J/mol.K   
9

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