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Indium vs Mercury

Indium
Mercury
Mercury vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In  
Hg  
Group Number
13  
5
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440746  
17
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
139.00  
8
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1863  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %  
28
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %  
23
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
Not Available  
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C  
99+
Not Available  
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20  
20
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
3
Reflectivity
Not Available  
73.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78  
16
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14  
8
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49  
13
1.44  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76  
10
1.81  
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.66  
18
1.44  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22  
38
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol  
18
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol  
39
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV  
24
4.49 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
66  
99+
121  
22
Number of Electrons
49  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm  
24
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm  
31
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol  
33
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)  
25
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3  
33
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa  
21
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)  
11
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
13.53  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m  
34
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω  
17
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
27
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K  
25
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K  
21
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,750.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)  
9
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol  
40
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K  
22
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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