Symbol
Ir
Po
Group Number
916
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74398857440086
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
225.00221.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
- Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1803
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
2,410.00 °C254.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
4,527.00 °C962.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.502.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
1,670.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,760.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,825.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.402.70
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
78.00 %50.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
α-polonium
β Allotropes
-
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ir
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3429
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.202.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.202.00
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.551.76
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.202.48
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.682.19
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.802.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol1,833.20 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,256.10 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol8,121.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
88,000.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
8,800.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
880.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV4.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
7784
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7484
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
110125
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7484
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
136.00 pm168.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm140.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
192.22 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)9.30 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
383.90 pm335.90 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.581.46
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.56 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.00 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
2,000.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
210.00 GPa24.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
320.00 GPa46.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa46.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.260.23
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.789.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.10 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
151.00 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
147.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,719.00 K527.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
35.50 J/mol.K41.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻