1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
2.4 CAS Number
74399107440575
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Unknown
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.8.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.1 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,064.43 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C2,807.00 °C
147
5660
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
6.5.2 Color
6.5.3 Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.4 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa194.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.6.7 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa216.00 MPa
121
3430
6.8 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s2,030.00 m/s
818
16200
6.9 Optical Properties
6.9.1 Refractive Index
6.9.3 Reflectivity
6.10 Allotropes
6.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.10 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol890.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.5 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
7.5.8 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
7.6.1 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
7.7.1 6th Energy Level
8.1.1 7th Energy level
8.1.2 8th Energy Level
8.4.2 9th Energy Level
8.4.3 10th Energy Level
8.4.5 11th Energy Level
8.4.7 12th Energy Level
8.5.3 13th Energy Level
8.5.5 14th Energy Level
8.6.1 15th Energy Level
8.6.2 16th Energy Level
8.7.1 17th Energy Level
8.9.1 18th Energy Level
8.10.1 19th Energy Level
9.1.2 20th Energy Level
9.1.3 21st Energy Level
9.1.5 22nd Energy Level
9.1.6 23rd Energy Level
9.2.1 24th Energy Level
9.2.2 25th Energy Level
9.3.1 26th Energy Level
9.4.2 27th Energy Level
9.4.4 28th Energy Level
9.4.5 29th Energy Level
9.5.2 30th Energy Level
9.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr2.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
10.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
11.1.3 Number of Neutrons
11.1.6 Number of Electrons
11.3 Radius of an Atom
11.3.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
11.3.3 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
11.3.4 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm166.00 pm
139
348
11.4 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu196.97 amu
6.94
294
12.2 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol10.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.4.1 Previous Element
12.4.2 Next Element
12.5 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.7 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm407.82 pm
228.58
891.25
12.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
12.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm319.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm317.31 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.4 Tensile Strength
13.5 Viscosity
13.6 Vapor Pressure
13.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.6.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)67.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa27.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.8.2 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa180.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.8.3 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.9 Poisson Ratio
13.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
14.1.4 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m2.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.45 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.4 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K25.42 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K318.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.4 Critical Temperature
15.5 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)14.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.6 Enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol324.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol12.55 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol364.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K47.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1