1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74399107440008
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Carl Auer von Welsbach
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
2.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,010.00 °C
27
3410
4.6 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C3,127.00 °C
147
5660
4.9 Appearance
4.9.1 Physical State
4.9.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.9.3 Luster
4.10 Hardness
4.10.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.2 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa265.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.5.2 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa345.00 MPa
121
3430
6.8 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s2,330.00 m/s
818
16200
6.9 Optical Properties
6.9.1 Refractive Index
6.9.3 Reflectivity
6.10 Allotropes
6.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
10.2 Electropositivity
10.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.4 Ionization Energies
10.4.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol533.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,040.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.6.4 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol2,130.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.7.2 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol3,900.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
10.8.2 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
10.8.5 6th Energy Level
10.9.2 7th Energy level
10.9.3 8th Energy Level
10.10.2 9th Energy Level
10.10.5 10th Energy Level
11.2.2 11th Energy Level
11.2.4 12th Energy Level
11.3.3 13th Energy Level
11.3.6 14th Energy Level
11.3.8 15th Energy Level
11.3.11 16th Energy Level
11.3.14 17th Energy Level
11.3.16 18th Energy Level
11.3.18 19th Energy Level
11.4.2 20th Energy Level
11.4.4 21st Energy Level
11.5.3 22nd Energy Level
11.5.5 23rd Energy Level
11.5.7 24th Energy Level
11.5.10 25th Energy Level
11.5.12 26th Energy Level
11.5.15 27th Energy Level
11.5.18 28th Energy Level
11.5.20 29th Energy Level
11.5.23 30th Energy Level
11.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr1.79 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.7 Electron Work Function
11.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.5.2 Number of Neutrons
12.6.2 Number of Electrons
13.2 Radius of an Atom
13.2.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm181.00 pm
112
265
13.5.3 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm201.00 pm
96
260
13.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu144.24 amu
6.94
294
13.7 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol20.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.9.1 Previous Element
13.9.2 Next Element
13.10 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.11 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm365.80 pm
228.58
891.25
13.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm37.01 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm36.89 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.5 Tensile Strength
14.8 Viscosity
15.2 Vapor Pressure
15.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.2.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)101.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.3 Elasticity properties
15.3.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa16.30 GPa
1.3
222
15.4.2 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa31.80 GPa
1.6
462
15.7.1 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa41.40 GPa
1.7
528
15.8 Poisson Ratio
15.11 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.1.2 Permeability
17.1.4 Susceptibility
17.5 Electrical Properties
17.5.1 Electrical Property
17.5.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m643.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.1.2 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.4 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K27.45 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
19.5 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K16.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
19.6 Critical Temperature
20.2 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)9.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.3 Enthalpy
20.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol273.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.6.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol7.14 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol322.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
20.12 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K71.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1