1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
1.10 CAS Number
74399107440008
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Carl Auer von Welsbach
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.11 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
5.1.1 Present in Human Body
5.1.3 In Blood
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,010.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C3,127.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa265.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa345.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s2,330.00 m/s
818
16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.6 Ionization Energies
9.6.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol533.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,040.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.2 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol2,130.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.4 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol3,900.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.6 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.8.8 6th Energy Level
9.8.9 7th Energy level
9.8.11 8th Energy Level
9.8.13 9th Energy Level
9.8.15 10th Energy Level
9.8.17 11th Energy Level
9.8.20 12th Energy Level
9.8.22 13th Energy Level
9.8.24 14th Energy Level
9.8.26 15th Energy Level
9.8.28 16th Energy Level
9.8.29 17th Energy Level
9.8.31 18th Energy Level
9.8.33 19th Energy Level
9.8.35 20th Energy Level
9.8.37 21st Energy Level
9.8.39 22nd Energy Level
9.8.41 23rd Energy Level
9.8.42 24th Energy Level
9.8.44 25th Energy Level
9.8.46 26th Energy Level
9.8.48 27th Energy Level
9.8.50 28th Energy Level
9.8.52 29th Energy Level
9.8.54 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr1.79 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
11.1.1 Number of Electrons
11.2 Radius of an Atom
11.2.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm181.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm201.00 pm
96
260
11.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm229.00 pm
139
348
11.6 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu144.24 amu
6.94
294
11.7 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol20.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.9.1 Previous Element
11.9.2 Next Element
11.10 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)43.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.12 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm365.80 pm
228.58
891.25
11.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm37.01 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm36.89 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.4 Tensile Strength
12.6 Viscosity
12.7 Vapor Pressure
12.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)101.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa16.30 GPa
1.3
222
13.2.3 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa31.80 GPa
1.6
462
13.4.1 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa41.40 GPa
1.7
528
13.6 Poisson Ratio
13.8 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.4 Permeability
15.1.2 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m643.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.6 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.4 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K27.45 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.6 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K16.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.8 Critical Temperature
17.9 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)9.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol273.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol7.14 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.11.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol322.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.12 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K71.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1