1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399107440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.5 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.4 In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
920.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.1 Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.7.1 Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
121
3430
5.8 Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
5.11 Optical Properties
5.11.1 Refractive Index
5.11.2 Reflectivity
5.12 Allotropes
5.12.1 α Allotropes
5.12.2 β Allotropes
5.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
6.6 Electropositivity
6.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.2 Ionization Energies
7.2.1 1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.2.2 2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.2.3 3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.2.5 4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.2.6 5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.4.1 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.5.2 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.5.4 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.5.5 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.6.2 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.6.3 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
7.6.5 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
7.6.7 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
7.7.1 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
7.7.2 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.1.2 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.1.5 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.1.6 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.1.8 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.2.3 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
8.2.4 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
8.2.6 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
8.2.7 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
8.2.9 24th Energy Level
8.2.10 25th Energy Level
9.1.1 26th Energy Level
9.1.2 27th Energy Level
9.2.1 28th Energy Level
9.3.1 29th Energy Level
9.3.2 30th Energy Level
9.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.5.3 Number of Neutrons
10.5.5 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
187.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
10.7.2 Covalent Radius
207.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
10.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.8 Atomic Weight
138.91 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
10.9 Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
377.20 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
10.13 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
1.5 Elasticity properties
1.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
1.5.4 Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
1.5.7 Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
1.6 Poisson Ratio
1.7 Other Mechanical Properties
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.1.3 Permeability
2.1.4 Susceptibility
2.2 Electrical Properties
2.2.1 Electrical Property
2.2.2 Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.2.4 Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
3 Thermal
3.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
3.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.4 Critical Temperature
3.5 Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
3.6 Enthalpy
3.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
3.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
3.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
3.7 Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1