×

Cobalt
Cobalt

Thulium
Thulium



ADD
Compare
X
Cobalt
X
Thulium

Cobalt vs Thulium

Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Co
Tm
1.3 Group Number
9NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.6 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.12 Block
d block
f block
1.13 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.14 CAS Number
74404847440304
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.28 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.29 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
2.2 Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1732
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
5.1.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.00000002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
5.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
6.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
6.3.6 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
6.3.11 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
8 Uses
8.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
8.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
8.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
8.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
8.2.2 Present in Human Body
8.2.3 In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
8.4.2 In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
1,495.00 °C1,545.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
10.2 Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C1,730.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
10.5 Appearance
10.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
10.5.2 Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
10.5.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
5.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
10.7.1 Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa471.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
10.9.2 Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa520.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
11.4 Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
11.5 Optical Properties
11.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
11.6.2 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
11.8 Allotropes
11.8.1 α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Not Available
11.8.2 β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
Not Available
11.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
Co
Tm
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
2632
Tennessine
0 38
13.2 Electronegativity
13.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.881.25
Francium
0.7 2.54
14.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
14.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.701.11
Cesium
0.86 1.82
14.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
14.6.3 Allen Electronegativity
1.84NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
14.8 Electropositivity
14.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.122.75
Gold
1.46 3.3
14.10 Ionization Energies
14.10.1 1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
14.10.4 2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
14.11.3 3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
15.1.3 4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
15.2.3 5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
15.2.7 6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
15.2.9 7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
15.3.4 8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
15.3.6 9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
15.4.3 10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
15.5.6 11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
15.5.11 12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
16.1.4 13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
16.2.3 14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
16.3.2 15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
16.4.2 16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
16.6.2 17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
52737 122200
16.8.2 18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
16.9.1 19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
16.11.1 20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
16.12.2 21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
16.12.4 22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
16.13.1 23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
16.13.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
16.13.4 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
16.13.5 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
16.13.7 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
16.13.9 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
16.13.10 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
16.13.12 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
16.14 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
16.15 Electron Work Function
5.00 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
16.16 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
2269
Lithium
3 117
17.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
17.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
17.3.1 Crystal Lattice
17.4 Atom
17.4.1 Number of Protons
2269
Lithium
3 117
17.4.4 Number of Neutrons
26100
Lithium
4 184
17.4.7 Number of Electrons
2269
Lithium
3 117
17.5 Radius of an Atom
17.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
17.5.3 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
17.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
17.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu168.93 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
17.8 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
18.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.2.1 Previous Element
18.2.2 Next Element
18.3 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
18.7 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm353.75 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
18.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
18.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
19.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
19.3 Tensile Strength
434.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
19.5 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
19.6 Vapor Pressure
19.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.06 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
19.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
19.8 Elasticity properties
19.8.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa30.50 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
19.10.1 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa44.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
20.1.2 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa74.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
20.2 Poisson Ratio
0.320.21
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
20.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
4,500.009.32
Lithium
0.53 4500
21.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
21.3.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
21.3.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
21.5 Electrical Properties
21.5.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
21.5.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
21.5.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
21.5.6 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
23.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
1.2 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
1.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
1.8 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
1.9 Enthalpy
1.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
1.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
1.7.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
1.4 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1