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Lawrencium Rubidium Comparison

Lawrencium
Rubidium
Rubidium Lawrencium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Rb  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
Summary >>
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