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Rubidium vs Nobelium

Rubidium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb  
No  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440177  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1861  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
19
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
7
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
8
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
38.89 °C  
99+
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
688.00 °C  
99+
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30  
26
-  
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
0.22 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.54  
35
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
52.00 %  
29
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rb  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
0.71  
99+
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
37  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
48  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
37  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm  
3
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm  
4
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm  
4
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm  
11
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
28
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
30.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
35
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa  
99+
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa  
99+
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53  
99+
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K  
26
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K  
18
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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