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Lawrencium vs Samarium

Lawrencium
Samarium
Samarium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Sm  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440199  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Slightly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,072.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,900.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
441.00 MPa  
32
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
412.00 MPa  
40
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.80  
22
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Sm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.17  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.17  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.17  
40
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.17  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.83  
14
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
62  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
62  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
88  
40
Number of Electrons
103  
15
62  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
198.00 pm  
13
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
229.00 pm  
25
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
150.36 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Promethium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Europium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
44.80 (-eV)  
38
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
362.10 pm  
37
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.94 (Pa)  
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
19.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
37.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
49.70 GPa  
40
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.27  
19
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
7.52  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,345.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
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