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Lawrencium vs Yttrium

Lawrencium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Y  
Group Number
3  
15
3  
15
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440655  
25
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Johan Gadolin  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1794  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,523.00 °C  
27
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
3,337.00 °C  
22
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
589.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
590.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,300.00 m/s  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Y  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.22  
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.65  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.22  
38
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.78  
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
3.10 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
39  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
39  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
50  
99+
Number of Electrons
103  
15
39  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
190.00 pm  
18
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
88.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
48.00 (-eV)  
31
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
364.74 pm  
34
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.57  
39
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
160.00 MPa  
22
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
4.27 (Pa)  
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
25.60 GPa  
37
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
41.20 GPa  
35
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
63.50 GPa  
34
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.24  
26
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
4.47  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,799.00 K  
31
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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