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Lead
Lead

Europium
Europium



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Lead vs Europium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pb
Eu
1.2 Group Number
14NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.5 Block
p block
f block
1.6 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74399217440531
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.12 Space Group Number
225.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
2.3.2 Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1896
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.00000005 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.1.1 In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.4 In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
327.50 °C822.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C1,597.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.4.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
7.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
1.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
NA167.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.11.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Pb
Eu
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
3531
Tennessine
0 38
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.871.20
Francium
0.7 2.54
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.291.01
Cesium
0.22 2.56
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
9.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
1.85NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.67NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol547.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol1,085.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.8.4 3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol2,404.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.8.6 4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
9.8.8 5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
9.8.10 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
9.8.12 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.8.14 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.8.16 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.8.19 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
9.8.21 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.8.23 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
9.8.25 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
9.8.27 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
9.8.29 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
9.8.31 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
9.8.33 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.8.35 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.8.37 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
9.8.38 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.8.40 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.8.42 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.8.44 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.8.46 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.8.48 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.8.50 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.8.52 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.8.54 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.8.56 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.8.58 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr1.89 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
4.25 eV2.50 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.13 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
8263
Lithium
3 117
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
8263
Lithium
3 117
11.7.2 Number of Neutrons
12589
Lithium
4 184
11.7.4 Number of Electrons
8263
Lithium
3 117
11.8 Radius of an Atom
11.8.1 Atomic Radius
175.00 pm180.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
11.9.2 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm198.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
11.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm233.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
11.10 Atomic Weight
207.20 amu151.96 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
11.12 Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol28.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
11.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.14.1 Previous Element
11.14.2 Next Element
11.15 Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)45.60 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
11.18 Lattice Constant
495.08 pm458.10 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
11.20 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.21 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm35.26 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm35.13 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
13.2 Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa120.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
13.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
13.5 Vapor Pressure
13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)19.40 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
13.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa7.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
13.9.2 Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa8.30 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
13.9.4 Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa18.20 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
0.440.15
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
13.12 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.355.24
Lithium
0.53 4500
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
15.1.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
15.2.2 Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m0.90 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
15.3.5 Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K27.66 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K13.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
17.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
17.8 Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)35.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol143.50 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
17.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol9.21 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
17.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol180.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
17.12 Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K77.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1