1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
1.7 CAS Number
74399217440531
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
2.3.2 Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1896
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %~0.00000005 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
-
It is used in low energy light bulbs.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.1.1 In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
327.50 °C822.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C1,597.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.11.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol547.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol1,085.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.8.4 3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol2,404.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.8.6 4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.8 5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.8.10 6th Energy Level
9.8.12 7th Energy level
9.8.14 8th Energy Level
9.8.16 9th Energy Level
9.8.19 10th Energy Level
9.8.21 11th Energy Level
9.8.23 12th Energy Level
9.8.25 13th Energy Level
9.8.27 14th Energy Level
9.8.29 15th Energy Level
9.8.31 16th Energy Level
9.8.33 17th Energy Level
9.8.35 18th Energy Level
9.8.37 19th Energy Level
9.8.38 20th Energy Level
9.8.40 21st Energy Level
9.8.42 22nd Energy Level
9.8.44 23rd Energy Level
9.8.46 24th Energy Level
9.8.48 25th Energy Level
9.8.50 26th Energy Level
9.8.52 27th Energy Level
9.8.54 28th Energy Level
9.8.56 29th Energy Level
9.8.58 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr1.89 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
9.13 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
11.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.7.2 Number of Neutrons
11.7.4 Number of Electrons
11.8 Radius of an Atom
11.8.1 Atomic Radius
175.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
11.9.2 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm198.00 pm
96
260
11.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm233.00 pm
139
348
11.10 Atomic Weight
207.20 amu151.96 amu
6.94
294
11.12 Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol28.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.14.1 Previous Element
11.14.2 Next Element
11.15 Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)45.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.18 Lattice Constant
495.08 pm458.10 pm
228.58
891.25
11.20 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.21 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm35.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm35.13 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa120.00 MPa
2.5
11000
13.4 Viscosity
13.5 Vapor Pressure
13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)19.40 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
13.9.2 Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa8.30 GPa
1.6
462
13.9.4 Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa18.20 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.12 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
14.1.3 Permeability
15.1.2 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m0.90 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.5 Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K27.66 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K13.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)35.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol143.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol9.21 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.11.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol180.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.12 Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K77.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1