Symbol
Pb
Lv
Group Number
1416
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
67
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Probably Post-Transition
CAS Number
743992154100719
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
-
Space Group Number
225.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
-
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 2000
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.0.50 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
327.50 °C-
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C3,500.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
-
Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa350.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa400.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s4,600.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.021.90
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
5.00 %66.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Pb
Lv
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
355
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.872.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.291.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.551.90
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.411.90
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.851.90
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.672.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol723.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol1,331.50 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol2,846.30 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol3,811.20 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol6,078.60 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol6,200.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol1,168.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol70,900.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol1,085.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol7,090.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol1,169.70 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol870.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol370.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol548.90 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol709.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV4.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Number
82116
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Not Known
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
82116
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
125160
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
82116
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm183.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm183.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm0.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu293.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol22.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)0.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm362.15 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.511.60
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm312.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm312.90 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa80.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa28.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa42.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa12.50 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.440.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.3512.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
-
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m0.50 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K27.00 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K0.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
600.61 K1,323.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)9.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol722.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol380.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K50.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻