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Lead vs Molybdenum

Lead
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Mo   
Group Number
14   
4
6   
12
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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