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Lead vs Molybdenum

Lead
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Mo  
Group Number
14  
4
6  
12
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
82  
34
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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