Symbol
Li
  
W
  
Period Number
2
  
6
  
Block
s block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Alkali
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
  
Im_ 3m
  
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
  
Not Available
  
Discovery
In 1817
  
In 1781
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
31
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
  
17
0.00 p.p.m.
  
35
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Grayish White
  
Luster
NA
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa
  
4
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
3,430.00 MPa
  
1
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
  
3
4,620.00 m/s
  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Li
  
W
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol
  
16
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
  
3
1,700.00 kJ/mol
  
29
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
  
4
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
  
39
9.53 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
  
99+
140.00 (-eV)
  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
  
99+
19.25 g/cm3
  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
  
19
0.19 106/cm Ω
  
10
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
  
16
78.60 kJ/mol
  
13
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
  
1
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
  
99+
24.27 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
  
20
173.00 W/m·K
  
7
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
  
7
4.50 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol
  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
35.23 kJ/mol
  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
837.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K
  
99+