Symbol
Li
Ce
Group Number
13
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
26
2
7
👆🏻
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74399327440451
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1817
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
180.54 °C795.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C3,257.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
-
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.602.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa186.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa210.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s2,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.352.20
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
95.00 %68.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Li
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
830
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.981.12
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.891.12
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.971.08
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.971.12
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
0.911.12
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.022.88
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol6,325.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol7,490.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol53,400.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol53,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol5,340.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol534.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol5,346.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol594.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol5,346.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol565.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol594.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV2.84 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
358
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
358
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
482
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
358
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm181.80 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm204.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm235.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)41.78 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm362.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.621.59
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm36.55 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa270.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)1.04 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa13.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa21.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa33.60 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.360.24
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.536.77
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m828.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K26.94 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K11.30 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K1,071.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)6.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol5.46 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol381.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻