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Lithium vs Copernicium

Lithium
Copernicium
Copernicium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Cn  
Group Number
1  
17
12  
6
Period Number
2  
7  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
54084263  
7
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
187.00  
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1996  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
-  
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
240.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
3,570.00 MPa  
2
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
3,570.00 m/s  
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
45.00 %  
32
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Cn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
112  
6
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
112  
6
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
285  
1
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
112  
6
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
285.00 amu  
5
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Roentgenium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Nihonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
7
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
23.70 g/cm3  
8
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
31.00 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
35.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
23.70  
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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