1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
1.7 CAS Number
74399327440586
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By-product Zirconium Refining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %7 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.8.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.10.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.1.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
-
It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C2,150.00 °C
27
3410
5.3 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C5,400.00 °C
147
5660
5.5 Appearance
5.5.1 Physical State
5.5.2 Color
5.5.3 Luster
5.6 Hardness
5.6.1 Mohs Hardness
5.7.2 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa1,450.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.7.4 Vickers Hardness
5.8 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s3,010.00 m/s
818
16200
5.9 Optical Properties
5.9.1 Refractive Index
5.10.1 Reflectivity
5.11 Allotropes
6.1.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.1.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
7.5 Electropositivity
7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.2 Ionization Energies
8.2.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol658.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.2.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,440.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.3.1 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol2,250.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.4.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,216.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.1 5th Energy Level
8.6.1 6th Energy Level
8.6.2 7th Energy level
8.7.2 8th Energy Level
8.7.3 9th Energy Level
8.7.5 10th Energy Level
8.7.7 11th Energy Level
8.8.1 12th Energy Level
8.8.2 13th Energy Level
8.8.3 14th Energy Level
8.8.4 15th Energy Level
8.8.5 16th Energy Level
8.8.6 17th Energy Level
8.8.7 18th Energy Level
8.8.8 19th Energy Level
8.8.9 20th Energy Level
8.8.10 21st Energy Level
8.8.11 22nd Energy Level
8.8.12 23rd Energy Level
8.8.13 24th Energy Level
8.8.14 25th Energy Level
8.8.15 26th Energy Level
8.8.16 27th Energy Level
8.8.17 28th Energy Level
8.8.18 29th Energy Level
8.8.19 30th Energy Level
8.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr1.66 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu178.49 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol13.60 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm319.64 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm313.31 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa78.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m331.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.14 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K25.73 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K23.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)5.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol661.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol25.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol703.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K43.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1