1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399327440600
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Marc Delafontaine
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
1.2.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.10.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.4 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
-
Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.1 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.5.3 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C1,461.00 °C
27
3410
9.5 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C2,600.00 °C
147
5660
10.6 Appearance
10.6.1 Physical State
10.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
10.6.3 Luster
10.7 Hardness
10.7.1 Mohs Hardness
10.8.2 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa746.00 MPa
0.14
3490
11.2.2 Vickers Hardness
11.6 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
11.7 Optical Properties
11.7.1 Refractive Index
11.7.4 Reflectivity
11.8 Allotropes
11.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.3 Electronegativity
12.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.4.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.5.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.5.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.5.9 Allen Electronegativity
12.6 Electropositivity
12.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.7 Ionization Energies
12.7.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.7.3 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,140.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.7.6 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol2,204.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.7.9 4th Energy Level
NA4,100.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.7.12 5th Energy Level
12.7.15 6th Energy Level
12.7.18 7th Energy level
12.7.20 8th Energy Level
12.7.23 9th Energy Level
12.7.26 10th Energy Level
12.7.30 11th Energy Level
12.7.32 12th Energy Level
12.7.37 13th Energy Level
12.7.41 14th Energy Level
12.7.44 15th Energy Level
12.8.1 16th Energy Level
12.8.3 17th Energy Level
12.9.1 18th Energy Level
12.9.3 19th Energy Level
13.1.2 20th Energy Level
13.1.3 21st Energy Level
13.1.5 22nd Energy Level
13.4.3 23rd Energy Level
13.4.5 24th Energy Level
13.4.7 25th Energy Level
13.4.9 26th Energy Level
13.4.12 27th Energy Level
13.4.14 28th Energy Level
13.6.2 29th Energy Level
13.6.3 30th Energy Level
13.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr2.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.9 Electron Work Function
14.3 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
15.6 Electron Configuration
15.7 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
15.7.1 Crystal Lattice
15.8 Atom
15.8.1 Number of Protons
15.10.2 Number of Neutrons
15.11.1 Number of Electrons
15.12 Radius of an Atom
15.12.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
16.1.2 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm192.00 pm
96
260
16.1.4 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
16.2 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu164.93 amu
6.94
294
16.5 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol18.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.9.1 Previous Element
16.9.2 Next Element
16.10 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)47.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.11 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm357.73 pm
228.58
891.25
16.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
16.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm38.79 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm38.34 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.2 Tensile Strength
18.4 Viscosity
19.2 Vapor Pressure
19.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
19.2.5 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.5 Elasticity properties
19.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa26.30 GPa
1.3
222
19.7.3 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa40.20 GPa
1.6
462
20.1.1 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa64.80 GPa
1.7
528
20.5 Poisson Ratio
20.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
21.2.2 Permeability
21.2.4 Susceptibility
21.5 Electrical Properties
21.5.1 Electrical Property
21.5.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m814.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
22.1.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
22.2.1 Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
23.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K27.15 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
23.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K16.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
24.2 Critical Temperature
24.3 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)11.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
24.5 Enthalpy
24.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol241.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
24.6.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol11.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
24.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
24.10 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K75.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1