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Lithium vs Rutherfordium

Lithium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Lithium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Li  
Rf  
Group Number
1  
17
4  
14
Period Number
2  
7  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439932  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1817  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
11
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.  
18
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
180.54 °C  
99+
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.60  
23
-  
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
5.30 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s  
6
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.35  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Li  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
8  
30
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02  
8
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol  
3
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol  
4
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,202.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol  
99+
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV  
99+
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
3  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
3  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
4  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
3  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm  
33
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm  
99+
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
No Previous Element  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Beryllium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
16
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa  
35
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
10
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa  
99+
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa  
99+
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.53  
99+
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
16
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m  
33
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
22
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol  
20
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)  
1
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K  
99+
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K  
20
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K  
5
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)  
7
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
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