1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74399327440326
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.0.02 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
180.54 °C1,750.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C4,790.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa390.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s2,490.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol1,978.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA2,780.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
1.2.2 13th Energy Level
1.3.2 14th Energy Level
1.3.5 15th Energy Level
1.3.7 16th Energy Level
1.3.9 17th Energy Level
1.3.10 18th Energy Level
1.4.2 19th Energy Level
1.5.2 20th Energy Level
1.5.3 21st Energy Level
1.5.5 22nd Energy Level
1.5.7 23rd Energy Level
1.5.9 24th Energy Level
1.5.11 25th Energy Level
1.5.13 26th Energy Level
1.5.16 27th Energy Level
1.5.18 28th Energy Level
1.5.20 29th Energy Level
1.5.22 30th Energy Level
1.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.7 Electron Work Function
1.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
2.2 Electron Configuration
2.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
2.3.1 Crystal Lattice
2.4 Atom
2.4.1 Number of Protons
2.4.3 Number of Neutrons
2.4.7 Number of Electrons
2.5 Radius of an Atom
2.5.1 Atomic Radius
152.00 pm179.80 pm
112
265
2.5.5 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm206.00 pm
96
260
2.5.8 Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
2.7 Atomic Weight
6.94 amu232.04 amu
6.94
294
2.9 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
2.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.11.1 Previous Element
2.11.2 Next Element
2.12 Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.13 Lattice Constant
351.00 pm508.42 pm
228.58
891.25
2.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm311.72 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
3.2 Tensile Strength
3.3 Viscosity
3.4 Vapor Pressure
3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.5 Elasticity properties
3.5.1 Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa31.00 GPa
1.3
222
3.5.2 Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa54.00 GPa
1.6
462
3.5.3 Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
3.6 Poisson Ratio
3.7 Other Mechanical Properties
4 Magnetic
4.1 Magnetic Characteristics
4.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
4.1.3 Permeability
4.1.4 Susceptibility
4.2 Electrical Properties
4.2.1 Electrical Property
4.2.2 Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
4.2.4 Electron Affinity
5 Thermal
5.1 Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
5.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K26.23 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
5.3 Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
5.4 Critical Temperature
5.5 Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)11.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
5.6 Enthalpy
5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
5.7 Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1