Symbol
Lu
Be
Group Number
32
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
62
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
74399437440417
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1906
In 1797
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C1,278.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C2,970.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
White Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.505.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa1,670.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,200.00 m/s12,890.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.56
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
60.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Lu
Be
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
359
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.271.57
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.271.81
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.141.47
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.271.54
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.271.58
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.732.43
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,757.10 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol14,848.70 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol21,006.60 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol1,470.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,235.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol29,700.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol89,900.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol89,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,995.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol899.50 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol899.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol899.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol297.30 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol297.30 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol297.30 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol2,970.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr0.17 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV4.98 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
714
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[He] 2s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
714
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
1045
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
714
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm112.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm96.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm153.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu9.01 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol5.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)82.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm228.58 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm31.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm31.69 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
230.00 MPa287.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa132.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa130.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa287.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.260.03
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.841.85
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m36.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.31 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)1.82 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K16.44 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K200.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,925.00 K1,551.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)11.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol294.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol11.72 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol326.40 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K9.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻