Symbol
Lu
Po
Group Number
316
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
74399437440086
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
194.00221.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1906
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C254.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C962.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.502.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,200.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.902.70
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
60.00 %50.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
α-polonium
β Allotropes
-
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Lu
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3529
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.272.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.272.00
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.141.76
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.272.48
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.272.19
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.732.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol1,833.20 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol8,121.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,235.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,230.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
523.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV4.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
7184
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
7184
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
104125
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
7184
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm168.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm140.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)9.30 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm335.90 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.46
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
230.00 MPa50.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa24.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa46.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa46.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.260.23
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.849.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol183.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,925.00 K527.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol134.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K41.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻