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Mendelevium vs Polonium

Mendelevium
Polonium
Polonium vs Mendelevium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Md  
Po  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440111  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
221.00  
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Mendelevium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Mendelevium metal has been produced in only trace amount.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Bombarding Einsteinium with Helium Ions  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1955  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Mendelevium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
827.00 °C  
99+
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.70  
3
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
50.00 %  
31
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
-  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Md  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.00  
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.76  
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,833.20 kJ/mol  
17
3rd Energy Level
2,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,121.00 kJ/mol  
7
5th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
32
7th Energy level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
8th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
9th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
23
10th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
27
11th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
26
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
19
14th Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
18
15th Energy Level
63,500.00 kJ/mol  
37
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
15
16th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
81,200.00 kJ/mol  
12
17th Energy Level
1,107.00 kJ/mol  
21
812.10 kJ/mol  
32
18th Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,120.00 kJ/mol  
21
19th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
29
20th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
812.00 kJ/mol  
22
21st Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
812.10 kJ/mol  
40
22nd Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
34
812.00 kJ/mol  
17
23rd Energy Level
6,350.00 kJ/mol  
13
812.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
36
812.10 kJ/mol  
13
25th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
38
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
26th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
37
812.10 kJ/mol  
11
27th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
39
812.10 kJ/mol  
10
28th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
16
29th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
99+
812.10 kJ/mol  
15
30th Energy Level
635.00 kJ/mol  
40
812.00 kJ/mol  
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.21 g/amp-hr  
13
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
3.89 eV  
37
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
101  
17
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f13 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Mendelevium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
101  
17
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
125  
20
Number of Electrons
101  
17
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
168.00 pm  
25
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
197.00 pm  
36
Atomic Weight
258.00 amu  
14
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
22.23 cm3/mol  
22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Fermium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Nobelium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
63.70 (-eV)  
23
9.30 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.46  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.30 g/cm3  
38
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.30 g/cm3  
39
9.40 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
26
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
24.00 GPa  
40
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.50  
29
9.32  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
11
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.63 nΩ·m  
99+
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.40 J/mol·K  
36
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K  
99+
527.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.50 kJ/mol  
26
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
13.00 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Atomization
410.80 kJ/mol  
25
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.40 J/mol.K  
99+
41.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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