Symbol
Hg
Tb
Group Number
123
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
66
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74399767440279
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
-38.83 °C1,356.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
356.58 °C3,123.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
-
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.501.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa677.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa863.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s2,620.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.001.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
73.00 %35.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Hg
Tb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3426
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.001.20
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.441.10
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.811.20
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.441.20
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,658.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,658.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,420.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,650.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol56,500.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol56,500.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol5,658.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol565.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr1.98 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV3.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
8065
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
8065
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
12194
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
8065
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm177.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm194.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm221.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu158.93 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol19.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)46.80 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm360.10 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.421.58
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm38.23 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm37.65 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa60.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)12.50 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa22.10 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa38.70 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa55.70 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.440.26
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.538.23
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m1.15 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K28.91 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K11.10 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K1,629.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)10.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol330.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol10.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol314.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻