Symbol
-
Cu
Group Number
111
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74400087440508
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
-
Discovery
In 1885
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.01 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C1,084.62 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C2,562.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Copper
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.003.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa235.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa343.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.641.10
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
80.00 %90.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
-
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3029
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.141.90
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.141.98
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.75
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.141.49
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.141.85
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.862.10
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol7,700.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol9,900.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,331.00 kJ/mol13,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,360.00 kJ/mol16,000.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol19,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol22,400.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol25,600.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol35,600.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol38,700.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol42,000.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
53,300.00 kJ/mol46,700.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol50,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol53,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol61,100.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol64,702.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
536.00 kJ/mol163,700.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol174,100.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
533.00 kJ/mol184,900.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol198,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV4.65 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
6029
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6029
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
8435
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6029
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm128.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm132.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm140.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu63.55 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm361.49 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.611.28
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm38.96 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm38.02 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa210.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)1.53 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa48.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa140.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa120.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.280.34
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.008.89
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.60 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,297.00 K1,358.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻